The Hungry Years essays

The Hungry Years essays Paradis, Adrian A. The Hungry Years. Philadelphia. 1967. There were few changes that could be seen; for the most part the revolution was quiet. Never before had so many people of the United States held in their hearts despair, panic and want. Yet out of the fear of the Depression came social reforms that have strengthened America and its people. The Depression was the worst economic decline ever in the United States history that spread to practically all of the industrialized world. It began in late 1929 and lasted for about ten years. There were many factors that played a role in causing the depression, but the main cause was the unequal distribution of wealth during the 1920s, and the wide stock market speculation that happened toward the end of the 1920s. These factors, along with others, caused the American economy to turn upside-down. The roaring twenties was a time that the United States prospered greatly. The nations total income rose from $74.3 billion in 1923 to $89 billion in 1929. However, the benefits of the prosperity of the 1920s were not shared evenly among all Americans, and the maldistribution of income between the rich and the middle class grew throughout the decade. Two major reasons for the gap between the rich and the working class were the increased manufacturing output throughout this period and because the federal government favored business, which included the wealthy who put their money into these businesses. The growing gap between the wealthy and the middle class made the United States economy unstable. For the economy to function properly, total demand must equal total supply. In an economy with such an unequal distribution of income, it wasnt always likely that the demand would always equal the supply. Basically what happened ...

Where Im writting from by Dereck Owens Assignment

Where Im writting from by Dereck Owens - Assignment Example Owens description of Lake Ronkonkoma initiates from the detail he goes into regarding the formulation of the lake, which was mainly from a mile high glacier called the Wisconsinan that bulldozed its way and reached Brookhaven after passing through Canada and New England. Warmer climates caused glaciers such as these to melt and retreat leaving behind detritus that geologists now call Ronkonkoma Terminal Moraine. This was how Lake Ronkonkoma, the freshwater lake came into being. Furthermore Owen describes Lake Ronkonkoma today as a working and middle class suburb, indistinguishable from a hundred other suburbs on the island; most of which spill into each other so that their boundaries seem visually intertwined due to no prominent sense of ‘village limits’. Therefore ones sense of boundaries comes not from any visual sense but from proximity to highways and strip malls. The Long Island Expressway that is located five blocks away from Owens house and he describes it as comp rising of a service road that incorporates 24/7 traffic with its extended HOV lanes so as to accommodate the rapidly growing and close to overflowing ‘high occupancy vehicles’. The detail with which Owen describes the Long Island Expressway is by looking at the HOV Lanes from the Ronkonkoma Avenue overpass located about 45 miles from Manhattan.

Has neoliberalism impacted men and women differently Essay - 1

Has neoliberalism impacted men and women differently - Essay Example The economic, political and cultural realities in throughout the globe have been undergoing radical transformation for the last more than three decades. The shifts towards neoliberalism have converged the concepts of liberalism with the market ideologies and principles. It has indeed been crucial to the extent it exerted a crucial impact in altering the gender geographies in many parts of the world. However it has also brought in new issues, new modes of regulating the selves and subjectivities, new ideological apparatuses stressing upon certain representations and exemplars, lifestyles, culminating in hegemonic forms of masculinity and femininity, and eventually the hegemony of market itself. A significant platform through which this mode of â€Å"neoliberal governmentality has been understood and discussed is the very idea of instrumentality, as Butler, Joan Scott and others have done† (Gill and Schraff, 2011: 5). ... technological devices have not only not eradicated the traditional structures of inequality but also have exacerbated the complexities through which the former structures are reproduced and/or operationalised in albeit new fashions. The two broad epistemological and pragmatic fields where the structures of inequality, subjugation and subjectivisation are constantly articulated are one, political and cultural and two economic and the global circulation of capital (Butler, 2004; Gill 2009; Gill and Schraff 2011). For the last more than three decades scholars and activists around the world have pointed at the varying schemes of capital at the worldwide level and the surging motives of profit relying chiefly on the availability of labour and, sometimes, resources from the so called Third world nations. This global paradigm is further conditioned within the gender realities that persist within these geo-political terrains to the extent women and children, especially from lower classes, ha ve continued to remain the primary victims of these neoliberal, neocolonial tactics (Nash and Safa 1976; Nash and Fernhdez-Kelly 1983; Leacock and Safa 1986). These gender realities were invariably products of a global economic circuits that was and still is western centric and a western centred discourse of human rights according to which these geo-political locales, on the one hand, were depicted as having highly degenerated human rights situation and, on the other hand, opened new areas for further socio-economic interventions (Nash and Safa 1976; Nash and Fernhdez-Kelly 1983; Leacock and Safa 1986). The relationship between the rich and poor in terms of an imbalance between the global west and the rest (Hall, 1994) is another major paradigm where the question of gender is hijacked and

World Paper Company - Finance Case 18 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World Paper Company - Finance 18 - Case Study Example The initial outlay cash flow is the total cost of the investment which is set at $18 million. The initial outlay consists of investment capital, net working costs, set up and transport cost, and training costs. After-tax salvage value of the old assets is subtracted from the initial outlay when making replacement decision (Tham & Pareja, 2004). The annual after-tax cash flows (ATCF) refer to the incremental after-tax cash flows that are expected from the investment. The company’s ATCF cash flows can either fall into these four categories: Tax savings resulting from depreciation (set at 40 percent), incremental income (positive cash flow) (set at 10 percent), incremental expenses (negative cash flow) or savings (positive cash flow), and lost cash flows (negative cash flow) resulting from the existing project activities (set at 15 percent) (Tham & Pareja, 2004). In investment scenario, lost cash flow is an opportunity cost. Terminal cash flow is the cash flows that are extra ordinary at the end of the project’s life. In the case study, it components will include shut-down costs, estimated salvage value (is set at zero), and recovery of the improved net working capital (is set at 10 percent of the recoverable capital). Reasons: (1) Worldwide Plant Company has not changed its WACC in 10 years. (2) The company has a policy to utilize its corporate Cost of Capital to analyze investment opportunities (Tham & Pareja, 2004). The Company should invest in the new longwood Woodyard. This is because the outlay capital ($18 million) and the incremental investment in working capital over the next 6 years will be of significant benefit to the

Cietac Ethical Rules for Arbitrators Essay Example for Free

Cietac Ethical Rules for Arbitrators Essay 1. Each arbitrator shall independently and impartially hear cases on the basis of the facts, in accordance with the law, with reference to international practice and in compliance with the principles of fairness and reasonableness. 2. An arbitrator does not represent either party and shall remain independent of the parties and treat them equally. 3. No arbitrator on the Panel of Arbitrators may be appointed to a case once he/she has discussed the case with either party or given any advisory opinion about the case. 4. Unless otherwise agreed between the parties and the Tribunal during conciliation within arbitration, an arbitrator shall not meet either party independently to discuss the case or accept any materials relevant to the case. In any case, an arbitrator shall not accept any gift from either party. 5. An arbitrator shall disclose to International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (hereinafter ‘CIETAC’) his/her relationship with the parties if he considers that there is any conflict of interest or other relationship which may affect his/her impartiality, e.g. lineal consanguinity, obligations, proprietary and financial relationships, service and business relationships, and request voluntary withdrawal. 6. The arbitrators shall hear cases strictly in accordance with the procedure provided by the CIETAC Arbitration Rules, and shall give the parties full opportunity to state their case. 7. The arbitrators shall guarantee sufficient time for hearings and deliberations after the appointment, and the hearing should remain his/her top priority under all circumstances. Arbitrators shall inform the Secretariat immediately if any extraordinary circumstances arise. 8. The arbitrators shall carefully and conscientiously go through the entire documents and materials of the case and find out the main issues. 9. The arbitrators shall discuss the case and work out a plan before hearing the case, and the presiding arbitrator shall put forward a proposal as the basis for the discussion. The sole arbitrator shall work out a plan before the hearing where the arbitral tribunal is composed of one arbitrator. 10. The arbitrators shall stay impartial during the hearing, be wary of the way they ask questions and express opinions, avoid a premature decision on the key issues, and stay away from any argument or confrontation with the parties. 11. Immediately after the hearing, the presiding arbitrator shall preside over the deliberations and give his opinions for the next step in the procedure or the drafting of the final arbitration award. 12. The arbitrators, in particular the presiding arbitrator, shall control the whole process of the hearing, and keep it within the time limits provided by the CIETAC Arbitration Rules. 13. The arbitrators shall maintain strict confidentiality in the case, and shall not disclose to any outsiders any substantive or procedural matters of the case, including the facts, hearing procedure, content of the deliberations, etc. Neither shall he/she disclose his/her opinions or the details of the deliberation to either party. 14. An arbitrator is entitled and encouraged to participate in activities organized by CIETAC, concerning study or experience exchange between arbitrators. 15. An arbitrator who acts on behalf of CIETAC to take part in any meeting or activities related to arbitration or publish articles or give lectures shall obtain permission from CIETAC in advance.

Chechnya Essay -- essays research papers

Chechnya The Continuing Conflict Chechnya is situated in the Caucasus Mountains, between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. It is surrounded by Dagestan to the east, Georgia and South Ossetia to the south, Russia to the north and North Ossetia in the west. Chechnya is rich in mineral oil and produced twenty million tons per year before the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 created the opportunity for the Russian provinces to declare their independence. The Russian government managed to keep its control of all states apart from Chechnya, which, under the new president Dzhokhar Dudayev, declared independence in October 1991. The Russian Government did not approve this and President Yeltsin declared war against the newborn regime in 1994. Yeltsin feared that if they had not declared war the other Caucasus states may have followed suit, to prevent this they preferred to curb it at the out set. The second Chechen war, which began in September 1999, was a result of the actions taken by Russia in the first war and was a product of the same policies. The fight for independence for Chechnya has been ongoing since the Bolshevik Revolution and is one that will be fought well into the future if something is not done about it now. The Russo-Chechen war that ended in 1996 should have given the Russian government a feel of things to come when they decided to attack in late September of last year. Triggered by security challenges to the State, Russia decided that the democracy would be in danger if they didn’t act. Russia was in a politically unstable situation right now with the resignation of Yeltsin, and the current Presidential elections looming. Also looming on the political horizon was the concern over rampant corruption in the government. If they had done nothing Yeltsin’s party would have stood to lose, yet Putin, (Yeltsin’s successor) succeeded in focusing the medias attention on the war rather that the domestic corruption. This war has given rise to a huge influx of racial hatred that has again helped Putin. Because the majority of the Chechen’s are Muslim, and not of the same ethnic background as Russians, racial discrimination has helped to boost the wars popularity and subsequently Putins. The security of oil in the southern Caucasus states and its transportation routes are the main influential factors in the... ...the task of the US and their European allies to bring the case to the European Court of Human Rights; the charge, a violation of its international treaty rights. Russia should also be required to conduct peace negotiations with the Chechens under the guidance of the various European Groups with a vested interest in the preservation of the borders of the surrounding countries. Threats of this can be conveyed to Russia, but this action, and anything that may come of it will not necessarily by abided by Russia. Russia has already shown that it will do what it wants concerning this issue. The US and its European allies are in apposition where threatening Russia with action is the only thing that they can do. Russia will not respond to these threats and will best only give them lip service. That this conflict be resolved in a manner favourable to Russia is essential. Russia cannot permit the secession of any part of its territory because it will lead to actions by other regions and th e access to Caucasus oil fields cannot be lost. Any other action taken by a third party will only result in destabilization of Russia and termination of diplomatic relations between Russia and the west.

Privatization in India Essay

Ram Mohan Visiting Faculty, Finance and Accounting Area Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, India Abstract The proposed research is intended to survey the process of privatization in India and assess its impact on the Indian economy. The central issue we will address is the impact of privatization that has taken place so far on profitability and performance of PSUs. Going beyond this, we will attempt to understand what explains the impact of privatization on performance. Is it the use of market power by oligopolistic firms whose pricing power had been constrained under government ownership ? Is performance bought at the expense of labour through extensive layoffs so that what we see is essentially a transfer from workers to shareholders ? Or are we confusing the impact of privatization with the more generalised impact of deregulation in the economy, which in itself could spur efficiency ? The research output will comprise the following: 1. A survey of the literature on privatization, particularly with respect to less developed countries. 2. A review of the role of the public sector in the Indian economy, and the process of economic liberalization and privatization in India upto this point. 3. Impact of privatization on firm performance. 4. Explanation for the impact of privatization 5. Assessment of mechanisms of corporate governance in India. -2- I. Background: privatization in theory and practice A great wave of privatization has swept the world in the past two decades, embracing the industrial economies, the transition economies of East Europe and large parts of the less developed world, and it continues to roll on. It is interesting, however, that its basis in theory was somewhat shaky to start with. Moreover, a sizable enough body of empirical evidence, on which hypotheses about its impact could be tested, became available only several years down the road. So much of the initial impetus to privatization entailed a leap in faith, and, as happens all too often in the development of knowledge, attempts to explain its impact have followed on the heels of widespread existing practice.