Essay Judo Economics - 1758 Words

PROBLEM SET # 3 JUDO ECONOMICS The Problem is premised on the following phased structure; | Decision Maker | Decisions To Be Made | Stage 1 | Entrant | Whether to enter or opt out | Stage 2 | Entrant | Set up the price(Pe) and the number of target customers(T) | Stage 3 | Incumbent | Whether to fight or accommodate; 1) Price war 2) Set up the price for remaining customers (100-T) | Stage 4 | Buyer | Consumers buy from whoever offers them the highest surplus. There is no cost to capacity. | The Entrant’s strategy in Q No.1-3 have been chalked out through the technique of â€Å"looking forward and reasoning backward† i .e. in the light of what the other party namely Incumbent may do under different circumstances QUESTION 1:†¦show more content†¦And the maximum payoff (as per [3] above) for serving 50 customers will be (150 – 100) x 50= $2500. QUESTION 2: ASSUMPTIONS: * Each buyer is willing to pay $200 for one unit of the Incumbent’s (I) AND $160 for the Entrant’s (E) product * I and E have a $100 and $120 unit cost respectively * In view of Stage 2, only buyers targeted by the Entrant can buy there from while the rest can only purchase from the Incumbent. POSSIBLE SCENARIOS * If the Entrant opts not to enter * Entrant may save a nominal, irrecoverable entry cost but the payoff will be 0. * The Incumbent will reap the entire profit which will be (200 – 100) x 100 = $10000 * If the Entrant does enter two possibilities; accommodation or price war * If the Incumbent opts to fight, it may benefit from the Entrant’s higher unit cost and therefore still capture the entire market though at less profit margin. Since the willingness to pay for the Incumbent is $40 more than that for the Entrant, the former can fix any price at 40 more than whichever price fixed by the Entrant. So for any price fixed by the Entrant (Pe),the Incumbent’s price will be given by, Pi = Pe + 40 ∠i = (Pe + 40 – C) x 100 ∠i = (Pe + 40 - 100) x 100 = 100 x Pe –6,000 -------------------- [1] * Opt to accommodate the incumbent the target of the Incumbent will just 100-T customers.Show MoreRelatedPromoting Judo to Tier A Elite Sport in Hong Kong Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pagessports, for instance, Judo, soccer and basketball. The issue of whether Judo should be included in Hong Kong Elite Sports (Tier A) has been discussed for several years among scholars and universities in Hong Kong. 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A Strong Supporter Of The American System And A War Hawk

Term Identification Significance Henry Clay strong supporter of the american system and a war hawk. known as the â€Å"great compromiser† outlined the compromise of 1850 served to be a dominant figure in the first party system and the second party system†¦ created the american system American System developed by henry clay in regards to stimulating the industry.. it had three points..a strong banking system, a protective tariff, and a federally funded transportation network resulted in over dependence of the economy of cotton.. lead to the panic of 1837 because our economy was solely reliant on the production of cotton Hartford Convention meeting of federalists in hartford connecticut to discuss the faults of the democratic republicans and the war of 1812 in the winter of 1814-1815 it highlighted the sectional differences. marked the end of the federalist party. introduced the idea of succession. it changed american views towards the war of 1812.. making it have little to no support Impressment the act of forcing one into governmental services†¦.(british impressment of US naval ships) served as the british’s main war tactic regarding their navy Battle of New Orleans battle during the war of 1812 in which the british attempt to take the new orleans resulted in a popularity boost for andrew jackson because of his victory Francis Scott Key lawyer and poet.. wrote the star spangled banner while watch the bombardment in fort mchenry during the war of 1812 provided the nationShow MoreRelatedKey Terms Of The Party System1538 Words   |  7 PagesKey Terms Two Party System: A two party system is when in a government, two main political parties dominate the politics. 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It has therefore been argued that symptoms of weak organisation e.g issue centred or candidate-centered election campaigns are deliberate as parties attempt to gain a maximum number of voters. Another reason why US parties may be seen as ‘organisationally weak’ is because Historically the American parties have always encompassed a range of diverse groups spanning the entire country e.g The NewRead MoreEssay about The Life of Abraham Lincoln2496 Words   |  10 PagesNancy Hanks, his mother, in 1806. Lincoln had one sister, Sarah, who was born in 1807.The Lincoln family was more financially comfortable than most despite the common historical picture of complete poverty. They moved to Indiana because of the shaky system of land titles in Kentucky. 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Death Investigations and the Role of the Forensic Nurse free essay sample

Above all, realize that nursing care doesnt have to stop because a patient has expired. We can do so much more for people who suffered questionable deaths by focusing on forensics. Nurses can help families gain closure and assist law enforcement with their investigations because we have cared enough to maintain the integrity of the evidence. (Erricksen, 2008, p. 43) This quote from Debbie Rice, RN, NREMT, an emergency nurse at Memorial Regional Hospital in Hollywood, FL, could be used to help define the role of forensic nurses in death investigations. All nurses, first and foremost, must care for their patients. That caring does not end when the patient is dead, but can help the death investigator to the best job possible in assisting in investigating the cause and manner of death. DESCRIPTION AND RELEVANCE Death investigations around the United States vary greatly, depending on the structure of the presiding Medical Examiner or Coroner’s office – if one exists for the area. The International Association of Forensic Nurses website states, â€Å"Every state/county has different needs and resources, and every state/county may run death investigations with a different approach. What matters is that every effort be made to ensure a thorough, accurate, and timely investigation. A faulty cause of death determination can significantly impact surviving family members, agencies responsible for planning public health policy, civil or criminal action, and even public safety. † (Schindell, 2006) The possibility of forensic investigations may begin in first aid situations, or in the emergency department. The nurse’s first duty is to provide immediate care to the patient, but the nurse must also be prepared to preserve evidence for possible criminal investigations. (Dean Mulligan, 2009) This becomes mandatory in the situation where the patient dies. It is very important that evidence and information surrounding the death is preserved. The body should not be cleaned prior to transport to the morgue, and any tubes, IVs or other medical equipment should be left in place. The nurse on duty can be instrumental in making sure that everything remains as it was in order to make it easier for the medical examiner. The nurse must also be sure to document all procedures performed, including attempts to establish an IV, as well as noting all injury sites. (Erricksen, 2008, p. 40) Other investigations begin when a suspicious death is reported to the appropriate agency. The death investigator will go to the scene in order to collect evidence, photograph the area, and gather information regarding the environment and positioning of the body. The investigator will also question witnesses, family members, and law enforcement officials to gather more information regarding the victim, including past medical history, condition prior to death, circumstances leading up to the death, if known, and if the body has been moved. This would be followed by detailed investigation of the body, any clothing, and clues to medical conditions such as medic alert bracelets or presence of insulin pumps, etc. (McDonough, 2013) The forensic nurse can perform or assist with all of these duties, and must be careful and meticulous in writing reports of their findings. â€Å"The completion of good contemporaneous records may be vital to any statements of evidence that a nurse may be required to produce at a later date, to either the police or coroner. † (Dean Mulligan, 2009, p. 39) In many cases, if the primary investigator does not have medical training, the forensic nurse’s experience and knowledge can be invaluable. (Schindell, 2006) Forensic nurses can also apply information and practices from other areas to death investigations. Researchers in Alaska have determined that sex-related homicides can be difficult to properly identify, and may be under-reported for that reason. Calling upon the expertise of a Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE), the researchers were able to apply standard techniques from sexual assault cases with living victims to investigations of homicides. These techniques, especially examination with a colposcope to identify anogenital injuries, were able to identify sexual assault related injuries, and to properly classify some homicides as being sex-related (Henry, 2009). Inclusion of forensic nurses in further sex-related homicides would be beneficial to law enforcement officials. â€Å"Forensic nurses have taken a leadership role in improving healthcare’s response to living victims of sexual assault and forensic pathologists and law enforcement would benefit from including a forensic nurse, specialized in sexual assault examinations, in the multidisciplinary response to deceased victims. † (Henry, 2009, p. 64) A qualified and trained forensic nurse can even act as the coroner if there is no medical examiner available. â€Å"In counties where non-medical Deputy Medical Examiners are being asked to conduct the majority of a death investigation, medical expertise should be readily accessible to them. A forensically trained nurse can be an ideal medical representative in these situations. † (Schindell, 2006) The primary goal of a death investigation is to determine the cause and manner of death. This can sometimes require detailed and painstaking investigation, not only of the immediate cause of death, but of possible comorbidities that may have contributed to the death. Forensic nurses that participate in, or conduct, death investigations may also be called upon to testify in court regarding their findings. When, or if, that happens, good recordkeeping on the part of the nurse becomes even more important. Also, it may be wise to seek the advice of an attorney or professional organization if this happens. (Dean Mulligan, 2009) It is imperative that the forensic nurse remain aware of advances made in forensic science and in legal issues pertinent to any investigations they may be involved in. CONCLUSION Forensic nurses are being used more and more in the role of death investigators. From providing medical care and first aid in the field or in the hospital while preserving evidence, to going to the scene of death and collecting detailed information and evidence, to performing autopsies and determining the cause of death, to testifying in court, forensic nurses with the relevant experience can be an important and integral part of legal system. With types of homicide occurring that can make use of the experience of the forensic nurse, in addition to traditional death investigations, forensic nurses can look forward to being more involved in all aspects of patient care, even after death. References

Analysis of Challenges and Opportunities in a Global Environment

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Challenges and Opportunities in a Global Environment. Answer: Introduction The need for expansion remains one of the most crucial objectives for any business organization. In addition to dominating the domestic make, certain organization desire to explore wider markets which cause them to work on projects which involve venturing into the foreign markets (Amoako, 2003). Internationalization of operations is always accompanied by a number of challenges which could be attributed to the dynamic nature of the foreign market areas. According to Cairns and Sliwa 2008), the dynamic nature leads to occasional changes in the consumer preferences, prices of products, variations in customer and supplier bargaining power as well as changes in both the company and host country policies. In order to have a good grip of the foreign markets, it is therefore vital for business organizations to put in place the right strategies. These strategies are always aimed at enhancing the competitive levels of the company within the global environment. Additionally, when companies put in place the right approaches to operation, they are likely to enhance sustainability and hence be able to stay relevant in such environments despite the noted challenges. This essay highlights and discusses some of the challenges faced by business organizations and managers while operating in a global environment. The discussion shall also entail some of the opportunities that may be established within the global fonts which the business organization could take advantage of in order to achieve international success. The study derives illustrations from Qantas Airways which one of the leading multinational corporations not only in Australia but in the world. Through the review of literature as the main qualitative approach to data collection, the discussion shall therefore focus on some of the challenges faced by the mentioned company in its bid to gain international stability in the ever changing global environment. Challenges and Possible Opportunities In a bid to ensure the stability of its market base, an organization needs to conduct a thorough feasibility test and hence establish some of the possible obstacles to global development (Cantwell and Narula, 2004). At the same time, it is a fact worth noting that the challenges to international development may not have a holistic solution in the near future due to the fact that they take various trends as days go by. However, a good understanding and projection of these challenges could play a crucial role in helping managers come up with the most effective counter measures. To begin with, one of the most common challenges to operating in a global environment is the aspect of changes in the political atmosphere as one move from country to another. While some countries enjoy a relatively stable political environment, there are those areas characterized by political turmoil which in turn cause instability in a number of aspects (Calof, 2009). For instance, the political atmosphere within a given country largely influences the nature of governance. The government structure and the leadership approaches in turn influence the kind of policies put in place to control a number of aspects within the country which also includes control of international investors, business practices as well as product prices just to mention but few. The policies implemented by a government, for instance the ones meant to govern business operations, play a pivotal role in defining the business environment both for the local as well as the foreign investors. Consequently, stringent government polices tend to minimize the scope of operations for the foreign investors which proves to be one of the challenges to associated with operating in a global environment. According to Caves (2006), the policies may require the organization to employ only a given number of foreign employees. This implies, before venturing into the global market, the organization has to identify and initiate the locals employees into the businesses mission and vision, an aspect which is not only time consuming but also involves the use of a lot of resources. It can therefore be deduced that a bad political atmosphere leads to an unstable leadership structure characterized by unfavorable business policies which act as obstacles to smooth operations in a global environment (Cox, 2007). However, in markets where the policies are conducive, the foreign investors are accorded an opportunity to expand their operations since these regulations are supportive enough for business growth. Variations in political trends from one country to another explain why Qantas Airways continues to struggle in a bid to establish its base in certain countries across Europe, Asia and in Africa. Secondly, there is the aspect of infrastructure. In most developed countries, the level of infrastructural development is at a relatively advanced stage. This implies that there is easy movement of people and resources from one place to another due to the good network of roads and other forms of transport (Dicken, 1998). Operating in such environments is quite a manageable task for the international organizations. For instance, the good transport systems in most countries Europe, America and Asia explain why Qantas has been able to enhance sustainability in these areas. Additionally, the good communication systems have remained pivotal in enhancing communication between the organizations management and its clients in addition to the communication aspects involving aerial operations, traffic control and flight control just to mention but few (Dunning, 2003). The good infrastructural developments in these countries have offered a perfect opportunity for Qantas Airways to establish its operations in these global environments. However, the level of development of roads and communication systems remains a challenge in most developing countries especially in Africa and some parts of Europe. The poor transport management systems hinder the free movement of customers and employees to and from the airport. For instance, poor road systems lead to the occurrence of jams which may occasionally result in inconveniences especially when the clients are unable to catch their flight on time (Flyvbjerg, 2001). Consequently, the airways have lost some of its clients to alternative modes of transport as a result of such challenges. Thirdly, the aspect of customer bargaining power in addition to the common changes in consumer preferences may acts as another challenge to operating in a global environment. As stated by Freeman (2010), the unexpected changes in the consumer needs make the global environment quite unpredictable and may easily result in the company losing its customers to a rival supplier. The customers bargaining power involves the standards forwarded by the clients with respect to their ability to pay for the services. When the clients bargaining power exceeds the minimal requirements stated by the organization, the final return on investments is likely to be low. Consequently, there would be a need to strike a balance between the clients bargains and the prices stated by the company. This ensures that both parties gain at the end of the day. The absence of this balance is the root cause of losses incurred by a company. At the same time, the consumer needs keep changing as one moves from one enviro nment to another. These needs may be attributed to changes in weather, economic status and complexity of flights just to mention but few. When the clients present needs that are beyond the organizations strength to achieve, there is the likely occurrence of low consumer satisfaction which in turn reduces loyalty. Low customer loyalty is a major challenge to the stability of a foreign organizations market base. On the other hand, good business-consumer relations enable a close knit between an organization and its customers. This makes it easy to establish the client feedbacks as well as their changing needs. Qantas Airways may harness this opportunity to maintain a competitive edge by predicting the changes in consumer preferences and hence adjusting its products and services to fit these needs. The fourth challenge is the presence of competitors in the global market. Qantas Airways, despite being one of the largest industries in the world faces challenges from other effective service providers including Airbus and Singapore Airlines just to mention but few. Additionally, there is also the challenge of the emergence of smaller airlines which offer similar services but at relatively lower prices with the aim of capturing as many clients as possible (Friedman, 2006). The presence of other service providers in the global environment goes a long way in increasing its capacity and instead decreasing the profitability. For instance, when a market comprise several organizations offering the same products and services, customers are likely to weigh and hence pick the most affordable alternatives (Harrison, 2011). This becomes a challenge to international organizations especially in cases where the level of customer loyalty is low. The organizations therefore divide the market and a company gets its clients depending on the level of competitiveness and the effectiveness of the strategies implemented. Addressing the Conflicts Effectively In order to attain and retain global dominance, it would be crucial for the organization to put in place the most effective strategies. The strategy here ought to involve a careful analysis of the impending challenges and taking advantage of the possible opportunities in bid to cut a competitive edge in the dynamic global market. One of the core approaches ought to be the conduction of a thorough feasibility test. This approach enables the organization to have in depth understanding of the nature of the foreign market, the variations in the clients cultural and social attributes as well as the changes in economic levels (Hartt and Durepos, 2012). A good understanding of each of these aspects would therefore enable the organization to come up with the right counter measures aimed at curbing the challenges and increasing sustainability. There is an inevitable need for flexibility in the approaches of operation within a global market. For instance, there customer preferences keep changing from time to time based on a number of factors. It would therefore be vital for Qantas Airways to occasionally alter its products and services in order to fit the changing client needs. This could be achieved by altering the product prices, making the planes more spacious and adjusting the fight departures. By studying the trends in the consumer behavior, it is possible to identify their specific needs. The company can then focus on satisfying these needs which leads to customer loyalty and hence market stability despite the high level of competition (Harvey, 2007). Furthermore, the international organization needs to monitor the political trends, the nature of governance and hence the nature of the government policies. Before introducing new products, like new flight schedules, new planes and higher capacity carriers, it would be v ital for the organization to know the effects that the current policies would have on such new projects. Good policies allow for innovation and development while stringent ones hinder effective development. Consequently, Qantas Airways can focus its operations in global environments which are characterized by supportive government polices of international organizations (Johnson and Turner, 2010). Conclusion The study above reveals a number of challenges which could be associated with managing a business in a global environment. These include changing customer preferences, government policies, level of infrastructure as well as the presence of competitors. As a result, business organizations intending to remain relevant in the dynamic corporate market ought to stay aggressive with its strategies and approach to management. Implementing the right business practices would enhance organizational sustainability in the global environment. References Amoako, G. (2003) The relationships among selected business environment factors and manufacturing strategy: insights from an emerging economy, Omega, 31(1), pp. 287- 301. Cairns, G. and Sliwa, M. (2008) A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book about International Business, London: Sage Publication. Cantwell, J. and Narula, R. (2004) International business and the eclectic paradigm: developing the OLI framework, Journal of International Business Studies, 35(1), 456 -458. Calof, J. (2009) Adapting to foreign markets: explaining internationalization, International Business Review, 4(2), pp. 115-130. Caves, E. (2006) Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis, 2nd Edn., Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Cox, D. (2007) Risk taking and information handling in consumer behaviour an intensive of two cases in Cox, D. (ed.) Risk taking and information handling. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press Dicken, P. (1998) Global Shift: Transforming the World Economy, 3rd Edn., New York: Guilford Press. Dunning, J. (2003) Multinational enterprise and the global economy, Addison-Wesley Publishers, England, Viewed 7 April 2016. Flyvbjerg, J. (2001)Making Social Science Matter: Why Social Inquiry Fails and How It Can Succeed Again. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Freeman, R. (2010) Strategic management: a stakeholder approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Friedman, T. (2006) The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century, California: Farrat, Straus, and Giroux. Harrison, A. (2011) International Entry and Country Analysis, A lecture programme delivered at technical university of Kosice, viewed 7 April 2016. Hartt, C. and Durepos, G. (2012) Markets, organizations, institutions and national identity: Pan American Airways, postcoloniality and Latin America. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 8(1), pp. 14 36. Harvey, D. (2007). A Brief History of Neoliberalism, London: Oxford University Press. Johnson, D. and Turner, C. (2010) International Business, 2nd Edn., London: Routledge.